Culture shock is not fun but probably not something most people need worry about as they go about their lives within the comfort and sanctity of their own culture. For me culture shock is a very real and very challenging experience right now.
“ It opens a window into your soul, enabling you to see if you have the metal required to live happily in a culture as opposite to your own as Japan is.”
Wikipedia defines culture shock as having some distinct phases of which the time frame for each is dependent upon each individual personality. I am currently firmly in the grip of the second phase and, doing my best to negotiate with the new requirements in Japan.
- Honeymoon Phase – During this period the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light, wonderful and new. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new foods, the pace of the life, the people’s habits, the buildings and so on. During the first few weeks most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with the nationals that speak their language and are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like many honeymoons this stage eventually ends. “When an individual sets out to study, live or work in a new country, he or she will invariably experience difficulties with language, housing, friends, school, work…”
- Negotiation Phase – After some time (usually weeks), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. That sense of excitement will eventually give way to new and unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as you continue to have unfavorable encounters that strike you as strange, offensive, and unacceptable. These reactions[...]are typically centered around the formidable language barrier as well as stark differences in: public hygiene; traffic safety; the type and quality of the food[...]. One may long for food the way it is prepared in one’s native country, may find the pace of life too fast or slow, may find the people’s habits annoying, disgusting, and irritating etc. This phase is often marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or without apparent reason. This is where excitement turns to disappointment and more and more differences start to occur. Depression is not uncommon.
- Adjustment Phase – Again, after some time (usually 6 – 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more “normal”. One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture, and begins to accept the culture ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are reduced. Reaching this stage requires a constructive response to culture shock with effective means of adaption.
A good way to describe what the second stage of culture shock feels like would be to say that ‘it feels like the walls are closing in and there is no escape.’ Not a nice feeling but amidst the negativity of culture shock is still a fascination of a new and exciting world which is a strange parody of emotions.
I’ve come to the conclusion that in my view the best way to deal with adjusting to life in Japan is to forget about everything you have ever learnt about life in your western world, because in your eastern one, none of it applies. I would know. I spent the last 3 months trying to live my life just how I would in New Zealand or Australia. Big mistake, in Japan it doesn’t work like that. The more you resist the changes required the longer the second stage of culture shock lasts.
Stop for a moment and imagine the simplest thing you can imagine, like buying a train or bus ticket, suddenly becoming a challenge. That’s how it is here. All the things I have never put a second thought to, suddenly join the list of ever-growing challenges. Which means that my brain is suddenly required a lot more to think about things I wouldn’t normally be required to put much thought to. As a by-product of any raised emotional stimulation, stress levels are raised accordingly. What do people do to combat stress? Look for something familiar right? Like a drinking session at the pub with your mates, sport, gardening, cooking, anything that enables you to enjoy some down time. In this part of Japan all of these things are available (except maybe gardening because there is no grass!) and are very common choices amongst Japanese for stress relief, but if you can’t communicate, they also become part of that ever-growing list of challenges. So you catch my drift. It is very difficult here especially if you can’t communicate.
So! Time to get pro-active! I’m taking Japanese lessons twice a week and I turn my drinking sessions into drinking / slash Japanese lessons, by taking notes of phrases and practising them in conversation. I’m also about to start playing Ultimate Frisbee with a mix of Japanese and Western team members.
My first month here was a different story. The honeymoon phase feels like every day is a holiday. Everywhere you look your senses are captured to excite, intrigue and fascinate you. You lap your new surroundings up and heap praise on the intricacies of eastern life. But like every honeymoon, it must eventually end. Unlike in marriage when domestic bliss is supposed to follow, The Negotiation Phase of culture shock is not so blissful.
It creeps up and before you know it the smile from your face has disappeared, replaced by frustration, irritation and an almost constant urge to fight the way of life here. Any western avenues previously taken to relieve stress or simply go about your life, don’t lead to the same destination in Japan. New roads must be found or in some cases forged, in order to live life happily. Rigid approaches will not facilitate the required changes. You must become malleable, mouldable and most importantly open to the adjustments required to function civilly in Japan.
I have spoken to a lot of people about culture shock in Japan. It’s a different experience for everybody and it is very dependent on personality and life experience. For some people the ‘Honeymoon phase’ lasts a lot longer, only for the ‘Negotiation phase’ to follow a bit later than average.
The best pieces of advice I have received so far from westerners living in Japan and having effectively dealt with culture shock, have been along the lines of; ‘Just go with the flow’, ‘don’t resist the changes, just accept them’. ‘Look at yourself as a blank slate again and re-learn all the basic things’
‘Tabula Rasa,’ an interesting theory by Empirical English philosopher John Locke, who proposed that all knowledge is acquired as a result of sensory experience. At the moment my western experience is slowly being put aside from my ‘slate of knowledge’ to make way for the eastern version.
Coming from Christchurch, and having lived 8 years in Melbourne, I have always lived in pretty familiar surroundings. Communication has never been an issue. The culture I am accustomed to is anything but conservative, generally speaking it has been a very easy-going and relaxed lifestyle for me. In Japan things are very different. Communication is a BIG issue, especially where I am living. Here if you can’t speak Japanese or read Hiragana or Katakana, the simple things in life become part of the most challenging, effectively deeming nothing simple.
On the whole Japan is a pretty conservative country, with many morals, customs and beliefs firmly rooted in the realms of history. As I have discovered the south of Japan is generally regarded as the more conservative island in Japan. For someone like me, in my culture there really are no ‘rules’ or ‘customs’ which are overly important to everyday life. On the whole as long as you don’t hurt anyone you can generally go about your life any way you see fit. In Japan it’s not quite like this.
Here are some examples of some of the differences I would not normally give a second thought to in New Zealand or Australia..
- When having an official photo, for example at work, you must stand with your left hand crossing your right, everyone the same.
- If you dare to go barefoot outside, you will attract looks of horror from passersby.
- When mounting your bicycle you should do so from the left, never from the right or God forbid….from behind!!
- Japanese do not blow their noses, instead they repetitively sniff loudly – this is considered less rude than blowing your nose, especially while eating.
- Chopsticks should never be left pointing in to your bowl of noodles – this is only done at funerals and signifies death.
- Mostly Japanese prefer not to say ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to questions, instead ‘No’ is replaced by a couple of fast inhales or exhales of breath followed by head tilting and an inquisitive look, ‘Yes’ is replaced by ‘maybe’ .
- When drinking, especially with a female companion, you are expected to keep your drinking partners glass full and return the favour. When drinking sake, women especially, are expected to keep their male drinking companions glass full, until you indicate otherwise. The glass should be held delicately in both hands while the drink is poured for you and vice versa.
- Any official documentation of any kind; certificates, cards, awards and even receipts are passed using both thumb and forefinger from both hands with the item facing the correct way towards the receiver, any other way is considered rude.
I am still learning and I discover more every day. Slowly I am becoming more open to the rules and customs of Japanese life. I guess for the first 3 months I have resisted the changes required and instead tried to use my western ways to live here. But I have quickly discovered that this will not work, especially in this part of Japan. Most Japanese are very polite and forgiving people, hostility is not something you will see much of here. Westerners are understood to come from a very different culture and so Japanese do not expect them to know all their customs and practices. Although this may seem to bring a sigh of relief in the Negotiation and Adjustment phases it is also the main reason westerners or ‘Gaigin’ will always be viewed as ‘outsiders’ here. From my conversations with various ‘lifers’ or western people who now live in Japan permanently, it is very hard if not impossible to ever be fully accepted as a normal member of Japanese society, because you will always ‘look’ western and have western philosophies at the root of your being.
So moving into the fourth month of my Japanese experience, I am battling culture shock but I am starting to see a light at the end of the tunnel. Through all the frustration, anxiety and depression of being totally surrounded by unfamiliarity, Japan is still an amazingly beautiful and intriguing place to me. An interesting clash of emotions none the less.
So, do me a favour everybody. Next time you are frustrated or think something less than friendly towards an Asian person or anyone who is obviously not from your culture, don’t give them a hard time, because they are more than likely having a hard enough time as it is.
Matt